Description
Performance Grade (PG) bitumen is bitumen which is graded based on its performance at different temperatures. The LTPP has given certain algorithm to calculate the temperature of the pavement based on the temperature of the air above. From this, the highest and the lowest temperatures of the pavement is calculated and the bitumen that performs well in that temperature range is selected.

Application

This Bitumen is being used in Road, Airport constructions.

SPECIFICATION FOR PERFORMANCE GRADE BITUMEN

PROPERTY	GRADES				STANDARD
	PG 76-10		PG 82-10
	Min	Max	Min	Max
Flash Point, COC, °C	230	-	230	-	T48
Viscosity @ 135°C, Pa·s	135°C	3.0	135°C	-	ASTM D4402
Dynamic Shear @ 70°C, G*/sin d, kPa	1.00	-	-	-	-
After RTFO	-	-	-	-	-
Dynamic Shear @ 70°C, G*/sin d, kPa	2.20	-	-	-	-
Mass Loss, %	-	1%	-	1%	-
After PAV @ 100°C	-	-	-	-	-
Dynamic Shear @ 28°C, G*·sin d, kPa	-	5000	-	-	-
Creep Stiffness @ -12°C, S, MPa	-	300	-	-	-
Creep Stiffness @ -12°C, M-value	0.300	-	-	-	-

 

SPECIFICATION FOR PERFORMANCE GRADE   BITUMEN SERIES 46,52,58,64

Packing
Standard Seaworthy Exportable Packing  in200 Kg  Reconditioned Drums  
Palletizing is required for  Cutback Bitumen & Emulsions  -200kg drums shall be secured as 4 drums per pallet 

Steel Drum Sizes

Drum Size      200 kg Drum
Height             980mm
Diameter         520 – 550mm
Thickness       0.6 – 0.8mm

Net Packing	Weight  per  20 Foot Container
200 Kg	In Metric Tonnes	Per Drum	No of Drums
Net Weight-Palletized	16.00 Mt  (+/- 3%)	200kgs (+/- 3kgs)	80
Gross Weight-Palletized	17.40 Mt  (+/- 3%)	215kgs (+/- 3kgs)	20

Natural Bitumen:
Bitumen is loder than the civilizaion of man kind.  Although now associated with roads and produced in large, complex, modern refineries , natural bitumen was found long before this, among the desert dunes of Arabia.

History
The Romans called it gwitu-men (pertaining to pitch) or pixtu-men (bubbling pitch), converted, after the barbarian invasions to bitumen. The word passed into French, and then, after the Norman conquest of England in 1066, into English, where it was used interchangeably with tar for over a thousand years (though tar derives from coal, and bitumen from petroleum).
 
Early Applications
The earliest recorded use of something like bitumen was by the Sumerians, on the Euphrates river (near present-day Kuwait). followed by Babylonian King Nebuchadnezzar used it for waterproofing and even as grouting for stone roads.
 
The use of bitumen spread further West, and the Bible records a bituminous substance (tar, asphalt or bitumen, depending on the translation) was used in building the Tower of Babel.
 
In 1595 Sir Walter Raleigh discovered a thick viscous lake in the jungles of Trinidad. This was to be the largest natural deposit of bitumen ever found and was used extensively until the mid 1970s.
 
In the late nineteenth century, however, bitumen began to be used for the major industrial uses common today, and with those began synthetic production. Shell began major bitumen production in the UK in 1920, after opening the Shell Haven refinery.

Definitions
Natural bitumen (often called tar sands or oil sands) and heavy oil differ from light oils by their high viscosity (resistance to flow) at reservoir temperatures, high density (low API gravity), and significant contents of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur compounds and heavy-metal contaminants. They resemble the residuum from the refining of light oil. Most heavy oil is found at the margins of geologic basins and is thought to be the residue of formerly light oil that has lost its light-molecular-weight components through degradation by bacteria, water-washing, and evaporation.

Natural bitumen, also called tar sands or oil sands, shares the attributes of heavy oil but is yet more dense and viscous. Natural bitumen is oil having a viscosity greater than 10,000 cP.

Specification
Ash          <1% 10% 14%,
Moisture    1.5%
Mesh size  30-50mesh in Powder /  0-10mm in Lump
Grades
Asphalt, Bitumen Grade
Inking Grade 
Drilling Grade

Composition

Geographic Distribution
Distribution of the world's known recoverable oil resources and reserves by type. Technically recoverable oil in known heavy oil and natural bitumen accumulations is about equal to reserves of light oil (API gravity greater than 22°) in known conventional accumulations. BBO, billion barrels of oil. 

In spite of an immense resource base, heavy oil and natural bitumen accounted for only about 15% of crude oil produced in 2006. Compared to light oil, these resources are generally more costly to produce and transport. Also, extra-heavy oil and natural bitumen must usually be upgraded by reducing their carbon content or adding hydrogen before they can be used as feedstock for a conventional refinery. The extra production, transportation, and upgrading costs explain why development and production of extra-heavy oil and bitumen are still limited. Their abundance, strategic geographic distribution, quality, and costs will shape their role in the future oil supply.

The Western Hemisphere has 69 percent of the world's technically recoverable heavy oil and 82 percent of the technically recoverable natural bitumen. In contrast, the Eastern Hemisphere has about 85 percent of the world's light oil reserves.

The estimated volume of technically recoverable heavy oil (434 billion barrels) and natural bitumen (651 billion barrels) in known accumulations is about equal to the Earth's remaining conventional

Region	R.Factor	Recoverable Factor BBO
North America	0.19 35	3 0.32 530.9
South America	0.13 265	7 0.09  0.1
W. Hemisphere	0.13 301	0.32 531
Africa	0.18 7	2 0.1 43
Europe	0.15 4.9	0.14 0.2
Asia	0.14 29.6 0	16 42.8
Russia	0.13 13.4 0	13 33.7
E. Hemisphere	0.13 133	3 0.13 119.7
World	434.3	650.7

Heavy oil and natural bitumen are present worldwide . Each category is dominated by a single extraordinary accumulation. The largest extra-heavy oil accumulation is the Venezuelan Orinoco heavy-oil belt, which contains 90 percent of the world's extra-heavy oil when measured on an in-place basis. Eighty-one percent of the world's known recoverable bitumen is in the Alberta, Canada, accumulation. Together the two deposits contain about 3,600 billion barrels of oil in place.

In addition to extra-heavy Orinoco oil, South America has an estimated 40 billion barrels of technically recoverable heavy oil, so that, in total, 61 percent of the known technically recoverable heavy oil is in South America.

Of the 35 billion barrels of heavy oil estimated to be technically recoverable in North America, about 7.7 billion barrels are assigned to known producing accumulations in the lower 48 States, and 7 billion barrels are assigned to the North Slope of Alaska.

The U.S. bitumen accumulations are largely in Utah. No U.S. accumulations are being produced commercially, although, in total, they are estimated to contain 6.1 billion barrels of recoverable bitumen.

Production Technology

In conventional production, reservoir pressure from gas and water associated with the oil is generally sufficient to cause light oil to flow to a production well. If natural reservoir pressure becomes depleted, then oil flow may be enhanced by injecting gas or water into the reservoir to push the residual oil to the production well.

Natural bitumen is so viscous that it is immobile in the reservoir. For oil sand deposits less than 225 feet deep, bitumen is recovered by mining the sands, then separating the bitumen from the reservoir rock by processing it with hot waters, and finally upgrading the natural bitumen onsite to a synthetic crude oil. In deeper oil sand deposits, where the bitumen is commonly less viscous, steam is injected into the reservoir to mobilize the oil for recovery by production wells. The product may be upgraded onsite or mixed with diluent and transported to an upgrading facility.

Projections

Natural bitumen is extracted from Alberta oil sand deposits that are too deep to surface mine by a process known as steam-assisted gravity drainage (SAGD); . Production wells could produce in excess of 2,000 barrels of bitumen per day. In 2001, about 735,000 barrels per day were extracted by mining and by in-situ production from Alberta oil sands, accounting for 36 percent of Canada's total oil production. Projected 2011 production is 2.2 million barrels per day (Alberta Energy and Utility Board, 2002, Alberta's Reserves 2001 and Supply/Demand Outlook 2002-2011, Statistical Series 2002-98, p. 2-8 to 2-9).

Iran has abundant natural bitumen which is being mined in the recent years and are exported.

Gilsonite Natural Asphalt , Natural Bitumen
HS.CODE: 27149000
Gilsonite ( Natural Bitume ) are available various types of packing :

Application
Asphalt, Bitumen road construction, Water Profing, Drilling Cement, Modify Bitumen, Inking, Ink, Print Ink and etc

Packing Powder: 25kgs 2Ply Poly bags laminated & Lump: 1000Kgs Jumbo Bags.

PERFORMANCE GRADE BITUMEN

Performance Grade (PG) bitumen is bitumen which is graded based on its performance at different temperatures. The LTPP has given certain algorithm to calculate the temperature of the pavement based on the temperature of the air above. From this, the highest and the lowest temperatures of the pavement is calculated and the bitumen that performs well in that temperature range is selected. e.g.; if the high temp of the pavement is 64 degree C and the lowest is -22 degree C, then the grade of bitumen is 64-22.

The Performance Graded (PG) System is a method of measuring asphalt binder performance. This system was introduced in the USA and originally developed during the Strategic Highway Research Program (SHRP) in the early 90’s. The Super pave™ performance grading (PG) specification classifies asphalt binders into performance grades that change at6°C intervals according to the service climate.

Super pave Performance Grading (PG): ASTM D-6373-00

PG is based on engineering principles to address Common pavement distresses Rutting, Fatigue Cracking and thermal cracking.

• Applicable to both conventional and modified bitumen.
• Physical properties are measured by specified equipment which directly relates to field performance.
• Bitumen is classified based on climatic conditions. For example PG 64-22 grade means that the bitumen is suitable for project location where 7 days max temperature of pavement is 64oC and 7days min. temperature -22oC.

 

Recommended Storage, Handling and Usage

The storage temperature should not exceed 350°F (177°C). Modified asphalt should not be stored more than two days without agitation. If asphalt is stored longer than one week above 300°F (149°C), it is advisable to monitor aging of the asphalt by checking the DSR. If significant changes in these properties occur, it is advisable to have the asphalt tested for compliance with PG specifications.

Super pave Performance Grading Test Requirements

PARAMETERS	VALUE	STANDARD
Dynamic shear, G*/Sin ?, min 1.00 kPa, 25mm plate, 1mm gap	Test Temp at 10 rad /s, °C	ASTM D 6373-07
Dynamic shear, G*/Sin ?, min 2.20 kPa, 25mm plate, 1mm gap	Test Temp at 10 rad /s, °C (temp 163°C, 85 minutes, air flow 4 liters /min)	ASTM D 6373-07
Dynamic   shear, G*. Sin ?, max 5000 kPa, 8mm plate, 2mm gap	Test Temp at 10 rad /s, °C (temp 90 / 100 /110, pressure air flow 2.1MPa, 20 hrs)	ASTM D 6373-07
Creep stiffness, max 300 MPa and m-value, min 0.300,	Test Temp under const. load 980mN for 60 s.	ASTM D 6648-08
Direct Tension, failure strain, min 1%,	Test Temp at 1 mm / minute pull, °C	ASTM D 6723-02
Viscosity	135°C max 3 Pa.s,	ASTM D 4402-02
Flash Point	minimum Temperature, 230, °C	ASTM D-92

 

 

Penetration Grade Bitumen

Viscosity Grade Bitumen

Bitumen Class 170, 320 & 600

Cutback Bitumen(Medium& Rapid)

Bitumen Emulsion

Oxidized Bitumen

Bitumen Paint

Performance Grade (PG) Bitumen