Description
Performance Grade (PG) bitumen is bitumen which is graded based on its performance at different temperatures. The LTPP has given certain algorithm to calculate the temperature of the pavement based on the temperature of the air above. From this, the highest and the lowest temperatures of the pavement is calculated and the bitumen that performs well in that temperature range is selected.
Application
This Bitumen is being used in Road, Airport constructions.
SPECIFICATION FOR PERFORMANCE GRADE BITUMEN
|
PROPERTY |
GRADES |
STANDARD |
|||
|
|
PG 76-10 |
PG 82-10 |
|
||
|
|
Min |
Max |
Min |
Max |
|
|
Flash Point, COC, °C |
230 |
– |
230 |
– |
T48 |
|
Viscosity @ 135°C, Pa·s |
135°C |
3.0 |
135°C |
– |
ASTM D4402 |
|
Dynamic Shear @ 70°C, G*/sin d, kPa |
1.00 |
– |
– |
– |
– |
|
After RTFO |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
|
Dynamic Shear @ 70°C, G*/sin d, kPa |
2.20 |
– |
– |
– |
– |
|
Mass Loss, % |
– |
1% |
– |
1% |
– |
|
After PAV @ 100°C |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
|
Dynamic Shear @ 28°C, G*·sin d, kPa |
– |
5000 |
– |
– |
– |
|
Creep Stiffness @ -12°C, S, MPa |
– |
300 |
– |
– |
– |
|
Creep Stiffness @ -12°C, M-value |
0.300 |
– |
– |
– |
– |
Packing
Standard Seaworthy Exportable Packing in200 Kg Reconditioned Drums
Palletizing is required for Cutback Bitumen & Emulsions -200kg drums shall be secured as 4 drums per pallet
Steel Drum Sizes
Drum Size 200 kg Drum
Height 980mm
Diameter 520 – 550mm
Thickness 0.6 – 0.8mm
|
Net Packing |
Weight per 20 Foot Container |
||
| 200 Kg |
In Metric Tonnes |
Per Drum |
No of Drums |
| Net Weight-Palletized |
16.00 Mt (+/- 3%) |
200kgs (+/- 3kgs) |
80 |
| Gross Weight-Palletized |
17.40 Mt (+/- 3%) |
215kgs (+/- 3kgs) |
20 |
Natural Bitumen:
Bitumen is loder than the civilizaion of man kind. Although now associated with roads and produced in large, complex, modern refineries , natural bitumen was found long before this, among the desert dunes of Arabia.
History
The Romans called it gwitu-men (pertaining to pitch) or pixtu-men (bubbling pitch), converted, after the barbarian invasions to bitumen. The word passed into French, and then, after the Norman conquest of England in 1066, into English, where it was used interchangeably with tar for over a thousand years (though tar derives from coal, and bitumen from petroleum).
Early Applications
The earliest recorded use of something like bitumen was by the Sumerians, on the Euphrates river (near present-day Kuwait). followed by Babylonian King Nebuchadnezzar used it for waterproofing and even as grouting for stone roads.
The use of bitumen spread further West, and the Bible records a bituminous substance (tar, asphalt or bitumen, depending on the translation) was used in building the Tower of Babel.
In 1595 Sir Walter Raleigh discovered a thick viscous lake in the jungles of Trinidad. This was to be the largest natural deposit of bitumen ever found and was used extensively until the mid 1970s.
In the late nineteenth century, however, bitumen began to be used for the major industrial uses common today, and with those began synthetic production. Shell began major bitumen production in the UK in 1920, after opening the Shell Haven refinery.
Definitions
Natural bitumen (often called tar sands or oil sands) and heavy oil differ from light oils by their high viscosity (resistance to flow) at reservoir temperatures, high density (low API gravity), and significant contents of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur compounds and heavy-metal contaminants. They resemble the residuum from the refining of light oil. Most heavy oil is found at the margins of geologic basins and is thought to be the residue of formerly light oil that has lost its light-molecular-weight components through degradation by bacteria, water-washing, and evaporation.
Natural bitumen, also called tar sands or oil sands, shares the attributes of heavy oil but is yet more dense and viscous. Natural bitumen is oil having a viscosity greater than 10,000 cP.
Specification
Ash <1% 10% 14%,
Moisture 1.5%
Mesh size 30-50mesh in Powder / 0-10mm in Lump
Grades
Asphalt, Bitumen Grade
Inking Grade
Drilling Grade
| Carbon | 84 Min .(WT.PERCENT) |
|---|---|
| Sulphor | 3 Min |
| Hydrogen | 1.5 Min |
| Oxygen | 1.09 Min |
| Nitorogen | 1.02 Min |
| Toluene | 21.85 Approx |
| Solubity In CS2 | 39.53 +/- 1Min |
| Solubity In Benzene | 31 Min |
| Solubity In Methanol | 0.5 Min |
| Solubity In Ethanol | 1-2 Min |
| Miosture | 0.05 Min |
| Softening Point | 200+Deg. c approx |
| Denisty (Srec. Grav.) | 0.070 gm per cubic centimeter |
| Viscosity | Only in solution |
| Particle Size (Natural) | 0-800 MM |
